Fig. 2

Heat stress model of broilers to verify the anti-heat stress effect of SJD. Extreme high temperatures, extreme low temperatures and humidity in the (A) Turpan area and B Wenchang area in each month over the years. C Heat stress model of broilers with high-temperature, and dryness or humidity. D Body weights of broilers in each group before the experiment. E Body weights of the Wenchang chickens in each group before the experiment. F Survival rate of broilers under heat stress, n = 10. Control: control group, heat-treated and gavaged with distilled water. SJD-L: low-dose SJD group, heat-treated and gavaged with 1% SJD stock solution. SJD-M: medium-dose SJD group, heat-treated and gavaged with 10% SJD stock solution. SJD-H: high-dose SJD group, heat-treated and gavaged with 100% SJD stock solution. G Survival rate of Wenchang chickens under heat stress, n = 10. Blank: blank control group, no heat treatment, and gavage with distilled water. Model: Model group, heat treatment, and gavage with distilled water. Positive control: positive control group, heat treatment, and gavage with 0.025% vitamin C. SJD-L: low-dose SJD group, heat-treated, and gavage with 0.5% SJD. SJD-M: medium-dose SJD group, heat-treated, and gavaged with 1% SJD stock solution. SJD-H: high-dose SJD group, heat-treated, and gavaged with 2% SJD stock solution. SJD-H: high-dose SJD group, heat-treated, and gavaged with 2% SJD stock solution. (H) H&E staining of heart (200×, scale bar: 100 μm), lung (200×, scale bar: 100 μm), liver (100×, scale bar: 200 μm) and kidney (200×, scale bar: 100 μm) tissues from Wenchang chickens. Three chickens from each group were randomly selected for histological analysis, and six fields of view were randomly selected to capture images for each section. Representative data are shown. The downward arrows indicate sites of vacuolization and rupture in the heart muscle, and the upward arrows indicate sites of bleeding in the lungs, liver and kidneys